Laboratories

The research Laboratory of the college is very well equipped with various up-to-date sophisticated instruments ranging from UV-Visible spectrophotometer to Olympus binocular research microscope. Mentioned bellow detailed list of instruments available in the Research Laboratory: A. UV-Visible spectrophotometer: UV-Vis Spectroscopy (or Spectrophotometry) is a quantitative technique used to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light. This is done by measuring the intensity of light that passes through a sample with respect to the intensity of light through a reference sample or blank. This technique can be used for multiple sample types including liquids, solids, thin-films and glass. The Instrument offers high performance Spectrophotometers suitable for many analytical applications where accuracy and precision measurements are key to your results. Spectrophotometry is a quantitative measurement of the absorption/transmission or reflection of a material as a function of wavelength. Despite being termed UV-Vis, the wavelength range that is typically used ranges from 190 nm up to 1,100 nm in the near-infrared. Using a spectrophotometer and carrying out absorption/transmission measurements we can determine the amount (or concentration) of a known chemical substance simply, by studying the number of photons (light intensity) that reach the detector. The more a material absorbs light at a specific wavelength, the higher the concentration of the known substance. UV-Vis Spectroscopy Applications • Traditional Chemistry • Life Science • Microbiology • Food & Agriculture • Material Science • Optical Components • Pharmaceutical Research • Petrochemistry • Cosmetic Industry • Quality Control B. PCR Machine: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is ubiquitous in laboratories and is used in applications such as DNA sequencing, cloning, library generations, mutagenesis, expression profiling, and more. PCR amplifies DNA by copying the nucleic acid strands exponentially. Thermal cyclers denature and anneal DNA strands during amplification and reagents such as enzymes, nucleotides and buffers to build the novel DNA. Automated workstations are available for busy, high-throughput laboratories to simplify workflow. Real time PCR systems have the capability for gene expression analysis, gene detection, mutation detection, methylation analysis, miRNA research, and relative quantification of target genes. In selecting products, it is helpful to work with a vendor that will provide optimized protocols, documentation, and troubleshooting assistance, since the systems can be complex with many sources of error. When choosing equipment, consider the ease of decontamination, protocol flexibility, downstream applications, throughput, budget and laboratory space available. C. DNA Gel Apparatus: This instrument can be used to characterisation of DNA/RNA or visualisation of DNA/RNA: DNA Gel Apparatus is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose, one of the two main components of agar. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or size (isoelectric focusing agarose electrophoresis is essentially size independent), and the DNA and RNA fragments by length. Biomolecules are separated by applying an electric field to move the charged molecules through an agarose matrix, and the biomolecules are separated by size in the agarose gel matrix. Agarose gel is easy to cast, has relatively fewer charged groups, and is particularly suitable for separating DNA of size range most often encountered in laboratories, which accounts for the popularity of its use. The separated DNA may be viewed with stain, most commonly under UV light, and the DNA fragments can be extracted from the gel with relative ease. Most agarose gels used are between 0.7–2% dissolved in a suitable electrophoresis buffer. D. Olympus Binoclar Research Microscope: Applications include biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, nanophysics, microelectronics, and geology. The Binocular Microscopes are used in the scientific laboratories to perform researches. They analyze the data on a regular basis to result in a derived conclusion. Scientists make use of Microscopes to look deeply into the different living organisms that are a major part of their research. E. Tube Furnace: A tube furnace is an electric heating device used to conduct syntheses and purifications of inorganic compounds and occasionally in organic synthesis. Tube furnaces can also be used for thermolysis reactions, involving either organic or inorganic reactants. One such example is the preparation of ketenes which may employ a tube furnace in the 'ketene lamp'. Flash vacuum pyrolyses often utilize a fused quartz tube, usually packed with quartz or ceramic beads, which is heated at high temperatures. Uses of Tube Furnace: 1. General Heat Treatment, Measure spectral intensities, emission and absorption and line broadening with temperature 2. Drying, Brazing, Vacuum and Inert. Save substantially. 3. Melting, Gas Preheating, Hydrogen Gas Heating. 4. Industrial Processes for Energy including Thermal Membranes 5. Materials Testing, Creep, Fatigue, High Temperature Wear. Lubrication. F. Microwave Instrument for Green Synthesis: Microwave heating refers the use of electromagnetic waves ranges from 0.01m to 1m wave length of certain frequency to generate heat in the material. These microwaves lie in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum between millimeter wave and radio wave i.e. between I.R and radio wave. They are defined as those waves with wavelengths between 0.01metre to 1meter, corresponding to frequency of 30GHz to 0.3GHz. Microwave assisted organic synthesis2 (MAOS) has emerged as a new “lead” in organic synthesis. The technique offers simple, clean, fast, efficient, and economic for the synthesis of a large number of organic molecules. In the recent year microwave assisted organic reaction has emerged as new tool in organic synthesis. Important advantage of this technology include highly accelerated rate of the reaction, Reduction in reaction time with an improvement in the yield and quality of the product. Now day’s technique is considered as an important approach toward green chemistry, because this technique is more environmentally friendly. This technology is still under-used in the laboratory and has the potential to have a large impact on the fields of screening, combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry and drug development. Conventional method of organic synthesis usually need longer heating time, tedious apparatus setup, which result in higher cost of process and the excessive use of solvents/ reagents lead to environmental pollution. This growth of green chemistry holds significant potential for a reduction of the by product, a reduction in waste production and a lowering of the energy costs. Due to its ability to couple directly with the reaction molecule and by passing thermal conductivity leading to a rapid rise in the temperature, microwave irradiation has been used to improve many organic syntheses.